Refugees face exceedingly difficult circumstances and experience trauma in their home countries before and during the process of migration, in refugee camps, and during resettlement. These psychological stressors greatly increase the risk of suffering from numerous mental health issues. The traumatic events experienced vary widely but can include social upheaval, sexual violence, witnessing or experiencing murder and genocide, loss of loved ones, fear over lack of safety, and food or resource insecurity, among other events. In addition to experiencing trauma, the risk of mental health issues is also increased by the delayed asylum application process, detention, and a loss of culture and support.

Up to half of the world’s refugees are in “protracted” situations, meaning unstable and insecure situations like dense urban areas or refugee camps, which contributes to both the incidence of psychological stressors for these refugees, as well as the lack of access to proper care. Recent studies have shown that the post-migration environment that refugees are in can exasperate mental health problems. Conditions of adversity, prolonged detention, insecure residency, the refugee determination process, restricted access to services, and lack of employment or educational opportunities can compound the effects of past traumas.

The most common mental health diagnoses in refugee populations are…